The Rule of 3 in Picture Books: When, Why, & How to Use It
As picture book writers, we’re always looking for ways to craft stories that are engaging, memorable, and satisfying for young readers. One of the most reliable tools in our storytelling toolbox is something you’ve likely heard of before—the Rule of Three.
The Rule of Three is a time-honored storytelling principle that suggests that things that come in threes are inherently more satisfying, effective, and memorable. It’s why we have the Three Little Pigs, Goldilocks and the Three Bears, and the Three Billy Goats Gruff. But this “rule” isn’t just for fairy tales—or titles. It’s deeply rooted in how we process information, and it shows up everywhere from advertising slogans to comedy writing… and yes, picture books.
So what makes the Rule of Three so powerful?
1. Rhythm and Pattern Recognition
Children, especially younger ones, thrive on rhythm, repetition, and predictability. Presenting three events, actions, or characters creates a clear and satisfying pattern that builds anticipation—and gives kids the joy of prediction and participation. That “beat-beat-punchline” structure also makes stories more musical and easier to remember, which is key in a read-aloud format.
2. Escalation and Stakes
Three is just enough to establish a pattern and break it. The first two tries set up the expectation, and the third delivers the twist or solution. Think of a character who tries and fails twice, only to succeed the third time. This simple arc allows us to build tension, raise the stakes, and create a satisfying payoff—all within the tight structure of a picture book.
3. Economy and Balance
Picture books are short. Every word, every scene, every moment has to earn its place. The Rule of Three offers a clean, efficient framework: not too little, not too much. Three attempts, three examples, three characters—it’s enough to develop a compelling arc without overwhelming the format or your reader.
Tips for Using the Rule of Three in Your Picture Book:
- Three tries: Have your main character try something three times, with the third time resulting in change or success.
- Three characters: Use supporting characters in groups of three to highlight contrasts or create harmony.
- Three phrases or beats: Create rhythmic or lyrical patterns in your language using repetition and variation. (Think: “He ran, he jumped, he flew.”)
- Three scenes: Consider a structure where your story unfolds in three main parts or locations, each revealing more about the problem and the character. (1st act, 2nd act, 3rd act.)
But a quick caveat—don’t force it. The Rule of Three is a tool, not a requirement. If your story naturally wants to be a “two” or a “four,” trust your instincts. The key is to be intentional. If you do choose to use it, lean into the musicality, the pattern, and the payoff.
Picture books are often a child’s first encounter with story structure. The Rule of Three helps make that experience joyful, clear, and unforgettable.
